![]() ![]() The second are the new royal, or Siyasah, courts implemented by the sultans, where justice was dispensed by government officials instead of by traditional judges, or qadis. ![]() The first are the notaries sent to the Mamluk cities by the Venetian government to draw up legal documents and to support the transactions of Venetian merchants. ![]() For this purpose, it focuses on two legal institutions that provided responses to the biases of Islamic law on non-Muslims and overcame the prejudices of Franks against the local law. It makes a contribution to the discussion on the role of institutions in governing business relations by describing how Islamic and Western legal devices complemented each other and even cooperated to settle disagreements. This article addresses the merchant communities of late medieval Alexandria and Damascus by focusing on issues of interfaith and mixed conflict between their members. ![]()
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